林劍轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)“宋陵麥?zhǔn)铡币曨l，文案充滿詩意

千年石刻藝術(shù)，撞上鮮活溫柔的田園風(fēng)光，這種古今對話的宿命感，讓人一眼淪陷！

河南鞏義宋陵，被譽(yù)為“露天石刻藝術(shù)博物館”，現(xiàn)存1027件石刻造像，刀法細(xì)膩精湛，造型渾厚大氣。

回望歷史，千年前的大宋“實(shí)力爆表”，人們熟知的四大發(fā)明中，活字印刷術(shù)于此時(shí)問世，指南針與火藥也在這一時(shí)期走向成熟并廣泛應(yīng)用。當(dāng)然，還有當(dāng)時(shí)興盛的文化、極致的東方美學(xué)等。

The Song Mausoleums are a nationally protected cultural site. The elaborate stone sculptures reflect the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), an era that saw major advances in movable-type printing, the compass and gunpowder.

夏季宋陵（王羿 攝）

今年夏天，這份獨(dú)屬于大宋的氣韻依舊鮮活。在河南鞏義宋陵，一種神奇的時(shí)空“鏈接”待解鎖，網(wǎng)友將這里的石像生稱作“麥田里的守護(hù)者”。

This summer the Northern Song Mausoleums were celebrated online as the"guardians of the wheat fields", with the statues gaining widespread popularity on social media.

宋陵麥?zhǔn)眨ㄍ跸蜿?攝）

千年石像生在線出圈！

四季宋陵“氛圍感”拉滿

鞏義麥田之間，這種古今共生的東方浪漫，令璀璨的大宋文脈于新時(shí)代生生不息、煥發(fā)光彩。

今年夏天，外交部發(fā)言人林劍在海外社交媒體X平臺(tái)發(fā)布一段“宋陵麥?zhǔn)铡币曨l，文案充滿詩意，他寫道：夏收之時(shí)，麥浪起伏，宋陵的石像生默然佇立千年，靜守歲月。

Foreign Ministry spokesman Lin Jian released a poetic post on the social network X accompanying a video of the wheat fields. "Harvesters move through waves of grain, while Song Dynasty imperial tomb statues, around 1,000 years old, stand in silence," he wrote.

春麥翠綠、盛夏金浪、秋日高粱、油葵鋪滿，冬日白雪覆蓋。

Every spring, the wheat grows green. Summer comes, and the grain turns golden. Autumn paints the fields with sorghum and sunflowers, and winter blankets the land with snow.

不同于人們印象中肅穆威嚴(yán)的皇陵，在河南鞏義，鎮(zhèn)陵將軍、瑞獸、石獅、石象等靜靜佇立在田野中，與麥田為伴，隨四季流轉(zhuǎn)更迭風(fēng)景。

Unlike the imperial tomb complexes of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, many of the mausoleums from the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) stand in harmony with the surrounding farmland. Striking stone figures of officials, mythical creatures and animals form silent, eerie-looking rows against a backdrop of shimmering fields and distant hills.

當(dāng)?shù)卣⒋甯刹颗c專家正在探索文物保護(hù)和旅游開發(fā)之間的平衡：既要守護(hù)好露天石刻造像，也要保障村民收入穩(wěn)定。數(shù)字技術(shù)在此過程中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，一方面對文物開展數(shù)字化建檔留存，另一方面也讓游客得以近距離感受這些珍貴的歷史遺存。

Local authorities, experts and village leaders have to carefully balance tasks relating to preservation of the relics and tourism. The open-air stone statues need to be protected and safeguarded and villagers' incomes maintained. Digital technology also plays an important role in stopping permanent erosion of the stone relics, while also helping make them accessible for modern tourists.

千年前，它們守護(hù)大宋王朝的山河禮制。千年后，它們靜靜扎根故土，見證時(shí)代蓬勃新生。

鞏義市文物局局長朱星理表示：宋陵石刻屬于不可移動(dòng)的田野文物，最好的保護(hù)，不是“搬離原地”，而是留在它扎根千年的土地上，守住這里的歷史記憶。

"If we move the stone statues from the imperial mausoleums into a museum exhibition, we will lose their most important historical value," according to Zhu Xingli, director of Gongyi's cultural relics bureau.

宋陵麥?zhǔn)眨嫡鹆?攝）

朱星理說道，宋陵石像生最大的價(jià)值，是整套皇家陵寢的禮制格局。望柱、瑞禽、石獅、文武石像生，從南到北依次列隊(duì)排布，順著中軸線、構(gòu)成一套完整、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牡弁鮾x仗體系。一旦把石像單獨(dú)搬走、放進(jìn)博物館展廳，它就變成了一件孤零零的石刻展品。紋飾還在、造型還在，但它所處的空間秩序、禮制關(guān)系、千年土層環(huán)境、原位歷史信息，其實(shí)就折損了。

What makes these relics valuable is the complete ancient imperial tomb layout designed for royal funeral ceremonies, Zhu said. Stone pillars, stone lions, stone elephants and giant statues line the central axis, following a full ancient imperial funeral format.

“最好的保護(hù)，不是把石刻搬進(jìn)博物館，而是讓它們留在扎根千年的土地上。”他說道。

"Our best protection is to let these stones stay rooted where they have stood for 1,000 years, rather than moving them away," Zhu said.

永裕陵石獅 （齊馨 攝）

溫柔守護(hù)：“最小干預(yù)”+數(shù)字化賦能

在日常保護(hù)工作中，宋陵采取“人防+機(jī)防”相結(jié)合的防護(hù)措施。朱星理介紹道。陵區(qū)設(shè)置11處保護(hù)站，96名文保員實(shí)行24小時(shí)輪崗巡查；同時(shí)布設(shè)監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭，既防止游客攀爬觸摸、人為磕碰損毀文物，也防范夜間盜掘破壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

In order to prevent human damage and theft, the cultural relic authority has established 11 protection posts with 96 full-time guardians. The guardians take turns keeping watch 24 hours a day, supported by security cameras.

“龍門、云岡石窟能夠加裝檐棚開展復(fù)原保護(hù)，是因?yàn)閮商幨吖糯揪徒ㄓ心緲?gòu)窟檐，這么做是在還原歷史原貌。”他介紹，但宋陵石像生自建成之日起，便是露天矗立，千百年來已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了當(dāng)?shù)氐臏貪穸取夂蚺c土壤環(huán)境。這種“最小干預(yù)”，也是對文物的一種溫柔守護(hù)。

Song Mausoleums were purpose-built for open-air display, a distinction from the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan and the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi province, which had wooden roof shelters, he added.

To protect the relics, the local government follows the "minimum intervention" rule.

目前，鞏義已聯(lián)合復(fù)旦大學(xué)等院校，有序推進(jìn)宋陵石刻三維數(shù)字建檔等相關(guān)研究工作。朱星理表示，永定陵及零散石刻現(xiàn)已完成掃描，相關(guān)數(shù)字資料存儲(chǔ)于云端，實(shí)現(xiàn)永久保存。

"High-precision scanning technology captures all subtle features of the stone carvings, including facial textures, garment folds, micro cracks and delicate carved ornaments," Zhu said.

Full digital modeling has been completed for Yongding Mausoleum, one of the Song Mausoleums, and some scattered stone statues. Permanent digital replicas are stored on cloud platforms, with the original stone monuments preserved in their original locations, Zhu said.

讀懂石刻：讓千年宋史走進(jìn)大眾與海外視野

保護(hù)之外，目前鞏義市文物局也在讓文物被讀懂、被看見。例如，近期開展的鞏義市文物旅游社會(huì)講解員培訓(xùn)班，就是讓更多人加入到保護(hù)的隊(duì)伍中。

"We live here — and the more we learn, the more we can share with visitors," Zhu said. "We are also setting up standardized information boards with detailed historical stories. These will help tourists not only admire the stone statues, but also truly learn about the rich history."

參加培訓(xùn)的導(dǎo)游王俊真表示，此次培訓(xùn)讓她收獲良多。她認(rèn)識到，要找準(zhǔn)文化傳播的核心錨點(diǎn)，探索古為今用的轉(zhuǎn)化路徑，讓千年傳統(tǒng)文化契合當(dāng)代人的認(rèn)知視角，拉近與大眾的距離。

Wang Junzhen, one of the tour guides, said the biggest benefit from the training is grasping the essence of successful cultural communication. She said she has learned how to make ancient Song Mausoleum culture come alive for modern audiences.

“當(dāng)下文物受到越來越多人關(guān)注，宋陵歷史底蘊(yùn)深厚，這類保有原生風(fēng)貌的歷史遺存也備受外籍游客青睞。”她說道。

"As more people pay attention to cultural relics, the Song Mausoleums' historical records and vivid stories have won greater popularity," Wang said. She said she has noticed that foreign tourists are particularly interested in heritage sites like the Song Mausoleums.

全美華裔青少年協(xié)會(huì)副會(huì)長蔡雪玲（Apple Rouse）表示，宋陵石像生佇立在向日葵、農(nóng)田間，打破了大家對皇陵固有的認(rèn)知。宋陵展現(xiàn)出中華文明綿延不絕的生命力，有助于海外華裔青少年群體建立與自身文化根脈之間的聯(lián)結(jié)。

Apple Rouse, vice-president of the US-based Chinese American Youth Association, believes the Song Mausoleums can help young people connect with their heritage.

她說道，石像生與高鐵等現(xiàn)代化設(shè)施，構(gòu)成了強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)空反差，如同AI拼接的跨界畫面。千年石像生守望著中原大地，顯示出華夏文明生生不息的韌性。

"The Song stone carvings, beside high-speed trains and modern facilities, create a powerful clash of times, like images put together by AI (artificial intelligence). These 1,000-year-old stone figures overlook the Central Plains, showing the everlasting strength of Chinese civilization."

百年老照片：跨越時(shí)空的文物對照

《尋跡宋陵》作者曹淼告訴記者，清末留存的老照片是極其珍貴的一手史料，經(jīng)過高清修復(fù)處理后，石刻紋理、陵域格局、地貌細(xì)節(jié)清晰可見，能夠讓我們直觀比對百余年來宋陵的滄桑變化。

Photos taken of the monuments in the late Qing Dynasty during the construction of the Bianluo Railway are priceless original materials, said Cao Miao, author of Traces of the Song Mausoleums.

阿道夫·錫伯德，比利時(shí)人，晚清修建汴洛鐵路時(shí)的隨隊(duì)醫(yī)生，工作之余拍攝的北宋皇陵，該圖為永厚陵瑞禽。圖源：比利時(shí)根特大學(xué)

曹淼說道，在晚清的時(shí)代背景下，攝影是極其昂貴且奢侈的。能夠留存下如此系統(tǒng)、高清、專業(yè)的宋陵影像，本身就極為稀缺、彌足珍貴。如今文史愛好者用同機(jī)位重拍，直觀展現(xiàn)百年來石刻。這些影像數(shù)字化后，不僅方便全球?qū)W者線上研究，也為石刻修復(fù)、古地貌復(fù)原提供權(quán)威參考。

Back then, photography was expensive and usually only for wealthy elites. Belgian and French engineers and doctors working on the railway took many clear, detailed pictures of the mausoleums. Today, photographers and history lovers take photos from the exact same angles as those century-old photos, Cao said.

北宋時(shí)期，這里是皇家禁地、嚴(yán)禁百姓出入耕作。歷經(jīng)千年，陵區(qū)從皇家禁地，慢慢變?yōu)榘傩丈畹奶镆埃纬闪巳缃瘛八瘟昱c麥田共生”的獨(dú)特樣貌，也正因這份“親民”，人們得以近距離品讀宋代石像生，也讓文物融入人間煙火。

他說道，石頭終有風(fēng)化老去的一天，自然規(guī)律無法逆轉(zhuǎn)。我們這一代人的使命，不是強(qiáng)求千年不朽，而是延緩損耗、延續(xù)文脈、留予后人。

"We can't stop natural weathering," he said. "The job for this generation is to slow this damage, keep the complete cultural background, and hand them down to later generations. Digital archives make sure this cultural heritage will never vanish entirely."

洛陽師范學(xué)院歷史文化學(xué)院教授王國強(qiáng)表示，通過新舊實(shí)拍影像對照，便于大眾直觀了解文物變遷。同時(shí)他建議，聯(lián)動(dòng)洛陽、嵩山等石刻資源，打造石刻文化文旅線路，借知名景區(qū)流量提升宋陵影響力。

Wang Guoqiang, a professor from Luoyang Normal University's school of history and culture, said digital copies of these old photos make international research easier, letting heritage lovers all over the world study the site online. "These photos also provide clear references for repairing stone relics and restoring the original ancient landscape," he said.

Wang also suggested connecting Gongyi's stone carvings with Longmen Grottoes and Songshan Mountain cultural sites to build a unified cultural tourism route.

差異化發(fā)展VS文脈傳承

如今，鞏義宋陵各陵區(qū)呈差異化的保護(hù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)：位于八陵村的永泰陵、永裕陵靜臥田野，土地流轉(zhuǎn)完成后，陵區(qū)土地得到統(tǒng)一管護(hù)；地處鞏義城區(qū)的永昭陵、永厚陵，經(jīng)保護(hù)性建設(shè)，目前為城市公園與遺址生態(tài)文化公園，面向市民開放。當(dāng)?shù)爻掷m(xù)探索，尋求農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、村民生活、文物保護(hù)、文旅發(fā)展四者的平衡路徑。

Yongyu Mausoleum and Yongtai Mausoleum in Baling village remain in their original rural farmland settings. Stunning views of the stone monuments, which attract photographers, travel bloggers and tourists all year round, can even be seen from passing high-speed trains.

In contrast, Yongzhao Mausoleum and Yonghou Mausoleum are located in Gongyi's urban area. Yongzhao Mausoleum was rebuilt decades ago as public city parks, where local residents can walk and relax beside ancient royal stone carvings.

永昭陵鎮(zhèn)陵將軍（齊馨 攝）

談及2021年啟動(dòng)的土地流轉(zhuǎn)工作，鞏義市芝田鎮(zhèn)八陵村黨支部書記曹向輝坦言，推進(jìn)過程中難免出現(xiàn)矛盾，這項(xiàng)舉措也在順應(yīng)群眾意愿。村民看似流轉(zhuǎn)出土地，實(shí)際上利益并未受損，開展土地流轉(zhuǎn)的根本目的，是更好地保護(hù)宋陵。

為讓陵區(qū)風(fēng)貌與北宋皇陵的歷史氛圍相契合，當(dāng)?shù)卣畬?shí)施統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，在相關(guān)地塊連片種植小麥、油葵、高粱等，整體景觀效果，優(yōu)于農(nóng)戶分散耕種的樣貌。

The local government launched the land consolidation project in 2021, following multiple rounds of communication with villagers. Fortunately, most residents supported the plan.

Baling village in Gongyi was chosen as the pilot village for mausoleum land consolidation. Cao Xianghui, Party secretary of the village, said different mausoleum areas develop in different ways. For example, some lie in the city area, while others sit in open farmland.

提到鞏義市區(qū)的宋陵公園（永昭陵），市民張攀毅回憶說，自己小時(shí)候經(jīng)常到這里玩。長大后他才知道，這里是宋仁宗的陵寢，包拯等名臣就活躍在宋仁宗執(zhí)政時(shí)期，很多家喻戶曉的歷史故事都發(fā)生在那個(gè)時(shí)代，這也讓他對這段歷史有了更深的體會(huì)。

Gongyi resident Zhang Panyi carries personal and shared memories of the mausoleums. He said he often visited Yongzhao Mausoleum Park when he was little, and only later learned it belonged to Emperor Renzong (1010-63) of the Song Dynasty and the famous historical figure Bao Zheng (999-1062).

千年石刻立于麥田，煙火人間包裹大宋文脈。以“最小干預(yù)”守護(hù)原貌，以數(shù)字科技留存永恒，以農(nóng)文旅共生惠及鄉(xiāng)民。這片“麥田里的皇陵”，正用最溫柔的方式，向當(dāng)代年輕人、向海外講述著屬于中原大地、中華文明的千年故事。

記者：史寶銀 齊馨

策劃：單娟

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